A hot-water heating boiler is classed as low pressure when it does not exceed which limits?
- 160 psi and 212°F
- 125 psi and 250°F
- 30 psi and 250°F
- 160 psi and 250°F
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D. 160 psi and 250°F
The heating boiler rules cover hot-water boilers up to 160 psi and 250°F. 212°F is only the boiling point at atmospheric pressure; water under pressure can be hotter and still be within the low-pressure class.
Reference: ASME BPVC Section IV, scope (160 psi, 250°F water)
What is the effect of running a burner with far more excess air than it needs?
- More heat is carried up the stack
- More soot forms in the tubes
- The flame becomes long and smoky
- The fuel flow rises to compensate
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A. More heat is carried up the stack
Air that takes no part in combustion is heated in the furnace and carries that heat out of the stack, so efficiency drops. Soot and a smoky flame are signs of too little air, the opposite fault.
Reference: Combustion: excess air and stack loss
Why is it worthwhile to return as much condensate as possible to the boiler?
- It is cold and dense, so it pumps more easily
- It is hot and pure, saving fuel and treatment
- It is high in oxygen, which protects the tubes
- It is high in hardness, which coats the shell
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B. It is hot and pure, saving fuel and treatment
Condensate is nearly distilled water that still holds a good deal of heat, so reusing it cuts fuel, makeup water and chemical use. It is not cold; it normally returns well above the makeup water temperature.
Reference: Feedwater systems: condensate return